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The Carbon Debt Tracker

Five countries. Billions of garment workers. Almost no country-level disclosure.

We track what the world's major apparel brands publicly disclose about their climate footprint — mapped against the manufacturing economies that carry the most climate risk.

5
Countries tracked
40+
Brands assessed
~0%
Brands with country-level carbon data
$160B+
Combined annual climate losses across tracked regions

Six disclosure categories. Same standard across every country.

Each country tracker assesses the same categories — making it possible to compare coverage across regions and brands. Where brands haven't disclosed a figure, we record the absence. Absence is data.

🏭
Supplier transparency
Public lists
Has the brand named its manufacturing suppliers in this country?
🎯
Carbon targets
Scope 1–3
Are emissions reduction commitments publicly stated and dated?
📍
Country-specific data
Disaggregated
Is any carbon data broken down to the country level — or is it global only?
✅
SBTi alignment
1.5°C
Are the brand's targets validated by the Science Based Targets initiative?
Five manufacturing regions

Explore each country's disclosure profile

🇵🇰
Pakistan
Major cotton, denim & knitwear exporter · South Asia
$30B 2022 flood damage
<0.5% Global emissions
33M Flood-affected (2022)
→
✈️
Scale check
Pakistan's 2022 flood damage equals the carbon cost of 3 billion transatlantic flights
Yet Pakistan contributes less than 0.5% of historic global emissions — the climate cost is almost entirely imported.

Why it's tracked

Pakistan supplies cotton, denim, and knitwear to most major North American and European brands. The 2022 monsoon floods — driven by global warming — affected a third of the country and caused $30B in damage. No brand in this tracker publicly discloses country-level carbon data for Pakistan.

$14B
Annual textile & apparel exports
40%
Of Pakistan's total export earnings from textiles
1
Brand with confirmed named flood aid (Patagonia)
0
Brands disclosing Pakistan-specific carbon data
View Pakistan tracker →
🇮🇳
India
World's second-largest apparel exporter · South Asia
~$87B Annual climate losses
750M Climate-exposed workers
4.5% Global emissions
→
🌡️
Scale check
India's garment zones reached 50°C+ in 2024. That's hotter than any human body can work safely.
Heat stress is projected to cut India's outdoor working hours by 15% by 2030 — with garment workers among the most exposed.

Why it's tracked

India's apparel sector employs tens of millions across climate-exposed zones. Annual climate-linked economic losses are estimated at $87B. Despite having the highest SBTi approval rate of any tracked region, not one brand breaks down carbon data to the India level.

$16B
Annual apparel & textile exports
45M
People employed in India's textile sector
~62%
Tracked brands with SBTi-approved targets
0
Brands disclosing India-specific carbon data
View India tracker →
🇧🇩
Bangladesh
World's second-largest garment exporter · South Asia
~$3B Annual climate losses
4M+ Garment workers
0.56% Global emissions
→
🌊
Scale check
By 2050, up to 17% of Bangladesh's land area could be permanently underwater
That's the equivalent of losing all of England's farmland to the sea — in a country that makes the world's fast fashion.

Why it's tracked

Bangladesh makes clothes for most of the world's fast fashion brands and faces some of the most severe climate exposure of any manufacturing economy. Floods, cyclones, and rising sea levels threaten supply chains and 4 million garment workers — the majority women.

$46B
Annual garment export value
84%
Of Bangladesh's total export earnings from garments
~37%
Tracked brands signed to the Bangladesh Accord
0
Brands disclosing Bangladesh-specific carbon data
View Bangladesh tracker →
🇱🇰
Sri Lanka
Lingerie & performance wear hub · South Asia
$1.7B Annual disaster cost
#1 LEED factories · South Asia
0.07% Global emissions
→
🏭
Scale check
Sri Lanka's manufacturers out-disclose the global brands buying from them
Hirdaramani Group — a Sri Lankan manufacturer — has full SBTi net-zero approval. None of its buyer brands publish Sri Lanka-specific carbon data.

Why it's tracked

Sri Lanka is a specialised hub for ethical and technical apparel — supplying Victoria's Secret, M&S, Nike, and H&M. It leads South Asia in LEED-certified factories. Yet it bears $1.7B in annual climate costs against just 0.07% of global emissions. The manufacturer-buyer disclosure gap here is wider than anywhere else in the tracker.

$5.5B
Annual apparel export value
350K+
Garment sector workers
#1
South Asia in LEED-certified garment factories
0
Buyer brands disclosing Sri Lanka-specific carbon data
View Sri Lanka tracker →
🇻🇳
Vietnam
World's third-largest apparel exporter · Southeast Asia
$40B+ Annual export value
~50% Nike footwear made here
~75% Brands with SBTi targets
→
🌊
Scale check
Vietnam's coastal factories face sea level rise equivalent to losing an area the size of the Netherlands by 2100
The Mekong Delta — where many garment factories are located — is one of the most sea-level-rise-exposed regions on the planet.

Why it's tracked

Vietnam is Nike's single largest manufacturing country (~50% of all footwear). It has the highest SBTi approval rate of any tracked region — driven by sportswear giants. Yet no brand publishes Vietnam-specific carbon data. The inverse relationship between sourcing concentration and country-level disclosure is most stark here.

$40B+
Annual apparel & footwear exports
3M+
Garment and textile workers
~75%
Tracked brands with SBTi-approved targets
0
Brands disclosing Vietnam-specific carbon data
View Vietnam tracker →
~0%
Brands with country-level carbon data
Across all five tracked regions, no international brand in this tracker publicly disaggregates supply chain carbon data by country. All Scope 3 emissions are reported as global aggregates.
~50%
Brands with SBTi-validated targets
Roughly half of tracked brands have Science Based Targets initiative-approved emissions reduction commitments. Vietnam has the highest rate (~75%), driven by sportswear brands. None translate to country-specific reporting.
$160B+
Combined annual climate losses in tracked regions
The five countries in this tracker collectively bear over $160 billion in annual climate-linked losses. Their combined share of historic global emissions is under 8%. The gap between contribution and consequence is the story this tracker tells.

How the tracker works

📄

Primary source: brands' own disclosures

All brand data comes from each company's published materials — annual reports, sustainability reports, ESG filings, CDP submissions. If it's in the public record, it's here. If it's not, we note that.

🔬

Country data from verified third-party sources

Climate and economic figures draw on World Bank, NDMA Pakistan, Germanwatch, ADB, Deloitte India, and peer-reviewed research. All sources are cited.

⚖️

Absence is a data point, not a verdict

When a brand hasn't disclosed something, we mark it "not publicly disclosed" — not as evidence of wrongdoing. We document the public record as it stands.

🔗

No estimation

Every figure in this tracker corresponds to something explicitly published. We don't interpolate, infer, or estimate. If the data isn't public, it isn't in the tracker.

Carbon Debt.
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Last updated April 2026

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